The final leg of the 2022 Triple Crown will take place on Saturday, June 11 at Belmont Park and will feature Kentucky Derby winner Rich Strike, who didn't run in the Preakness Stakes. The 29-year-old Puerto Rican jockey has a solid reputation in the Empire State and had won the Belmont Stakes in 2016 with Creator. The history of the Triple Crown, which is central to American racing, is written in a century of defining moments in the Belmont Stakes, including Secretariat's world record, Seattle Slew's undefeated sweep. How long are the Belmont Stakes? The Preakness Stakes will be run at its usual 1 1/2 miles around the. The race marked a return to form for Belmont itself after the 2020 Stakes were closed to the public due to the pandemic and the 2021 event was limited to 11,238 spectators by virus restrictions. At 3 p. The Belmont Stakes could be relocated to Saratoga Race Course in upstate New York as soon as next year, an earlier-than-anticipated move for the third leg of horse racing 's Triple Crown. Post time is scheduled for 6. m. Held in Belmont, N. . Arcangelo ($17. Forte, the 2-year-old champion, was running in his first Triple. Furthermore, not only is the Belmont the oldest Triple Crown race, but it is the fourth oldest race overall in North America. Victor J. m. Those starters are Tonalist (first, 2014), Matterhorn (eighth, 2014), Intrepid Heart (eighth, 2019), Bourbon War (10th, 2019) and Tap It to Win (fifth, 2020). Earlier in the week, New York Gov. Stephen Edelson. What 155th Belmont Stakes; Where Belmont Park in Elmont, N. Although, it will be tough to pick. The third and final jewel of the 2023 Triple Crown series concludes Saturday with the 155th Belmont Stakes. Tapit Shoes, The 155th running of the Belmont Stakes is now in the books. Belmont Park was built in 1905 and has hosted the Belmont Stakes every year since except for 1963-67, when it was moved to Aqueduct while Belmont was rebuilt and expanded to its current 1. Belmont Stakes Top 3 Picks To Place – Tapit Trice. Zillow has 24 photos of this $297,900 4 beds, 2 baths, 1,387 Square Feet single family home located at 5836 Belmont Stakes Rd, Pensacola, FL 32526 built in. The New York Racing Association will offer a selection of special wagers during the 2023 Belmont Stakes racing festival. Here is the finishing order. 20, $4. There is no doubt about that. He has a win over this track at 1 1/8 miles, and Javier Castellano gets the mount for the third time in a row, after winning the previous two starts. 488. Forte, scratched as the favorite for the Kentucky Derby, is the 5-2 morning-line favorite for Saturday’s $1. June 10 post time for the $1. The third and final jewel of the 2023 Triple Crown series concludes Saturday with the 155th Belmont Stakes. Mo Donegal won the 154th Belmont Stakes, the third and final race of the Triple Crown series, at Belmont Park in Elmont, N. The. m. The horse was the early betting. 6 post. m. Barbara D. The race moved to Belmont Park, which was built by August Belmont, Jr. ET TV: FOX Live stream the 155th Belmont Stakes with Fubo: Start your free trial now! Trainer Todd Pletcher will. Indy, the double Eclipse Award winner who won the 1992 Belmont Stakes, sired Rags to Riches. 4. See how this. No horse has a shot at the Triple Crown in 2022, but Kentucky Derby. In the 452nd Triple Crown race, Jena Antonucci became the first female trainer to win a. Mo Donegal wins 2022 Belmont Stakes, Rich Strike finishes sixth. EST on TV on NBC or live stream on NBCSports. Blue for The New York Times. m. Here is a full-field analysis for the Belmont Stakes with the official track morning-line odds. Who won the 2021 Belmont Stakes? Bad Cox’s Essential Quality outdueled a stubborn Hot Rod Charlie in the final stretch to win the Belmont. Call 844-NYRA-TIX for assistance. Odds, horse-by-horse analysis for Belmont Stakes. The Belmont Stakes has traditionally been referred to as “The Test of the Champion” because of its traditional 1 ½-mile distance. ET Saturday on NBCSN before moving to NBC at 5 p. Y. With the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes in our rearview, horse racing fans and bettors now look forward to the Belmont Stakes, the final leg of horse. The Belmont Stakes is a Grade I stakes race for three year-old Thoroughbreds at Belmont Park run on the second Saturday in June. For the 155th time, the running of the Belmont Stakes will happen tonight (7:05 p. Saturday’s Belmont Stakes, the 1½-mile final leg of the Triple Crown, will feature the return of Rich Strike, the colt who won the Kentucky Derby at 80-1 odds but sat out the Preakness Stakes. From left to right: Joel Rosario, Flavien Prat, and John Velazquez all have won the Belmont Stakes and have mounts pointing to the final jewel of the Triple Crown June 5 at Belmont Park. The 2024 Belmont Stakes is the 156th renewal of the Test of the Champion and will be run on June 8th, 2024. Daniel Tran. m. Like all Triple Crown races, the Belmont Stakes is only open to three year old Thoroughbred horses, which means no horse can win the Triple Crown more than once. The Belmont Stakes could be relocated to Saratoga Race Course in upstate New York as soon as next year, an earlier-than-anticipated move for the third leg of horse racing's Triple Crown. The leading active trainers by Belmont Stakes victories are D. Preakness Stakes winner Rombauer drew the No. In 2007, Rags to Riches became the third to win and first in 102 years to take the 1 1/2 mile "Test of the Champion. The now 22-year-old has sired four Belmont Stakes winners in eight years. A total of six two-day wagers are highlighted by the return of the two-day Pick 6, which will open on Friday and concludes with the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes on Saturday. So, fairy tales do not have legs in horse racing. Highlighted by the 155th running of the Grade 1, $1. Forte, last year's Eclipse Award-winning juvenile and a five-time graded-stakes winner, was the 5-2 live betting favorite Saturday to win the $1. The 1 1/2-mile race will be run at Belmont Park in Elmont, N. 6, 2023 2:13 p. Arcangelo with jockey Javier Castellano up wins the 155th Running of the Belmont Stakes Sarah Stier/Getty Images. Nest (8:1) Current form: Powered from off the pace to win the Grade 1 Ashland by open lengths, but her three-race winning streak was snapped when she. 5 million Belmont Stakes. Belmont Stakes history: Co-owner Spendthrift Farm has one prior Belmont starter with a third-place finish in 2014, and co-owner Martin Schwartz has sent two prior horses to the Belmont. The Belmont field could include National Treasure, who became the eighth Bob Baffert-trained horse to win the Preakness on Saturday. m. Ridden by Javier Castellano, Arcangelo took the lead at the top of the stretch and held off all runners to win the third leg of the Triple Crown. The race was won by Mo Donegal . 02pm PT on Saturday. up, wins the Belmont Stakes. The length of the Belmont Stakes should help, as this horse has been bred to excel at 1. Fair odds represent my opinion of a runner’s actual chances of winning. The third and final jewel of the 2023 Triple Crown series concludes Saturday with the 155th Belmont Stakes. ” The official drink was changed again in 2011 to the “Belmont Jewel,” which is made with bourbon. Best Belmont Stakes win bet No. Coverage of the Belmont Stakes began at 3 p. Livingston Arcangelo comes into the Belmont Stakes off a victory in the Grade 3 Peter Pan Stakes. What to know about the 155th Belmont Stakes. How to Watch 155th Belmont Stakes: Match Date: June 10, 2023 Match Time: 6:30 p. Y. Groom Susan White rubbed down a racehorse in the early morning before the races. A gray colt named Arcangelo won the Belmont Stakes, the third and final race of the Triple Crown series, on Saturday at Belmont Park in Elmont, N. The Belmont Stakes returned to more of its normal traditions this year amid the coronavirus pandemic; its usual mile-and-a-half distance was restored and so was its traditional standing on the. The new track, scheduled to be completed in 2026, is expected. 7 Hit Show (10-1). 5 million Belmont Stakes. Arcangelo, an 8-1 betting choice, captured the 2023 Belmont Stakes on Saturday June 10 from Belmont Park. – Queens native Mike Repole won the Belmont Stakes last year as an owner of Mo Donegal, and as of Tuesday’s post position draw for Saturday’s 155th renewal he has the. Thu, Nov 23, 2023, 6:28 PM EST · 2 min read. The final leg of the 2023 Triple Crown series has wrapped in Elmont, New York, and. 5 million Belmont S. 00 bet on the winning horse of the 2021 Belmont Stakes had a pay out of $4. (AP Photo/John Minchillo) 7 min. Nyra Bets Menu. The Belmont Stakes will be held as scheduled Saturday after air quality improved enough for New York officials to reopen Belmont Park on Friday. The final leg of the 2022 Triple Crown will take place on Saturday, June 11 at Belmont Park and will feature Kentucky Derby winner Rich Strike, who didn't run in the Preakness Stakes. Q: What time does Belmont Park open on the day of the event?RELATED: Belmont Stakes Best Bets First run in 1867 at Jerome Park in the Bronx, the final leg of the Triple Crown is the most demanding of the three races. What is Belmont Stakes? Belmont Stakes is the oldest and longest American Thoroughbred race of the Triple Crown. Pedigree Notes: Arcangelo, Italian for Archangel, is from the second of only three crops for 2016. 5 million, Grade 1 Belmont Stakes on June 10 at Belmont Park. The post draw is complete and the morning line odds are set for the 2023 Belmont Stakes. , horses will run 1 1/2 miles -- or 12 furlongs -- to compete for. The Belmont Stakes could be relocated to Saratoga Race Course in upstate New York as soon as next year, an earlier-than-anticipated move for the third leg of. ·. There will be no Triple Crown pursuit this year, but the final jewel of horse racing’s holy triumvirate. After breaking from the No. The Belmont Stakes from the vodka-based “White Carnation” to the whiskey-based “Belmont Breeze. 00. The event features eight other graded stakes races, including three qualifying races for the Breeders' Cup World Championships, known as "Win and You're In" races. 2. Belmont Park Virtual Seating. 5 million Belmont beast of the Triple Crown marching ever closer, it's time to put the lens on how some. m. The 2023 Belmont Stakes was the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes and the 112th time the event took place at Belmont Park. Arcangelo (7-1) has won the 2023 Belmont Stakes, passing Preakness Stakes winner National Treasure heading into the final furlong the race and holding off a late challenge from betting favorite. m. Il Miracolo, $15,000. Arcangelo, who came into the race with 8-1 odds, took home the title after a late surge. Arcangelo came into the Belmont off a hard-fought victory in the Peter Pan Stakes. 2023 BELMONT STAKES BETTING RESULTS. The 155th running of the Belmont Stakes got off to a fast start with National Treasure leading the pack. m. But, at 1½ miles, it is the longest and will take the most amount of time. Post time for. View entries for upcoming races at Belmont Park. By Melissa Hoppert. Let's look at who could be the best bets. Dark-Horse. Trainer: Steve Asmussen, who saddled Belmont Stakes winner Creator in 2016. When the Grade 1, $1. Belmont Park is where champions are crowned. 2023 Belmont Stakes Payouts. Click here to subscribe to our newsletter. Held in Belmont, N. The grid below displays my morning line odds for the Belmont along with my fair odds and expected value on each horse. It started in 2014 with Tonalist and was followed by Creator (2016), Tapwrit (2017) and Essential Quality (2021). Belmont Stakes 2022 odds: Best bets, long shots, lines and positions The 154th Belmont Stakes will be run on Saturday. The track record for the Belmont Stakes – 2:24 – was set 50 years ago by Triple Crown winner Secretariat, who won by 31 lengths. The 155th running of the Belmont Stakes got off to a fast start with National Treasure leading the pack. Excursionniste was injured and euthanized during the 13th and final race at Belmont Park on Saturday, which was the one that immediately followed the Belmont Stakes’ main event. There is no Triple Crown on the line in 2023. ELMONT, N. Initially held at Jerome Park in the Bronx, it later found its home at Morris Park until 1905. They will be updated before. Antonucci’s horse, Arcangelo, won the Belmont Stakes. The 156th running of the Belmont Stakes is on Saturday, June 8, 2024. 5-ounce bourbon whiskey, 2. After skipping the Preakness Stakes, Rich Strike is now among the favorites to challenge for the 154th running of the Belmont Stakes in Elmont, New York. – It had been three years since the roar of a sizeable Belmont Park crowd greeted the field as it rounded the far. Ad Feedback. Find your way around the track on race day. ET from Belmont Park in Elmont, N. The post positions for the 2023 Belmont Stakes are set, highlighted by Preakness winner National Treasure starting from the fourth gate. The 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (12 furlongs; 2,414. The 155th Belmont Stakes won’t have a Triple. The 2023 Belmont Stakes field is 9 horses. EST on TV on NBC or live stream on NBCSports. The Belmont Stakes, the third and final leg of horse racing's Triple Crown, is moving from NBC to Fox Sports as part of an eight-year deal beginning in 2023. Not by the horse but the trainer. The 156th running of the Belmont Stakes is on Saturday, June 8, 2024. The 155th Belmont Stakes will take place on June 10, 2023 at Belmont Park. Search. The Belmont Stakes, run as the first leg of the Triple Crown last year because of the pandemic, will return to its customary spot as its final jewel on Saturday, but there will be no coronation. Tapit Trice checks a lot of boxes when it comes to Belmont. Belmont Stakes, oldest and longest of the three classic horse races (with the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes) that constitute the Triple Crown of American horse racing. Nest is a Curlin filly out of Marion Ravenwood, a broodmare by A. m. In 2004, he had dinner before the Belmont Stakes with trainer Nick Zito at a pizzeria in Queens. Photo: Scott Serio / Eclipse Sportswire. 88. Saturday's blockbuster Belmont Stakes Day card, highlighted by Arcangelo’s victory in the 155th running of the Grade 1, $1. Post time for the 2023 Belmont Stakes is scheduled for 7:02 p. Red Route, $15,000. Belmont Stakes live result, highlights from 2022 race. For more information, please call (844) NYRA-TIX. The nine-horse field for the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes is all set, with Forte returning as the morning-line favorite at 5-2 odds, running from the sixth post position. Follow the latest headlines from Belmont Stakes 2023, including the full schedule, live stats & standings, and. 3 post position, was always close to the lead in the nine-horse field. 5 Creative Minister (6-1) Coming into Belmont off an impressive third-place finish at the Preakness Stakes, Creative Minister is an improving horse that seems to. Rather, the first Belmont was a race horse that arrived in California in 1853 from his breeding grounds of Franklin, Ohio. Towards the end, Archangelo caught up to National Treasure and broke away from the rest of. 1. The odds are updated daily and are available for wagering. The race is. Trainer Todd Pletcher’s Mo Donegal entered the race with 5–2 odds. S. The nine horse field has six runners as key contenders with opening odds of 10/1 or less. Arcangelo finished first at the. After being scratched as the favorite the morning of the Kentucky Derby, Forte is the 5-2 favorite in the 2023 Belmont Stakes odds, followed by Tapit Trice (3-1) and Angel of Empire (7-2). It started in 2014 with Tonalist and was followed by Creator (2016), Tapwrit (2017) and Essential Quality (2021). m. for pre-race and post-race coverage as well as the race itself. ET. S. We the People is the 2-1 favorite in the 2022 Belmont Stakes odds, while Mo Donegal is 5-2. Y. New to the frenzy of the Belmont Stakes this year will be Marcos Meneses The native of Venezuela has been a mainstay in South Florida since. The Belmont Stakes Racing Festival takes place from Thursday, June 6 through Saturday, June 8, 2024, culminating in the 156th running of the Belmont Stakes presented by NYRA Bets! Stakes Schedule The Racing Festival features over a dozen stakes races across 3 days. com. Saturday's race marks the 50th anniversary of. The third and final jewel of the 2023 Triple Crown series concludes Saturday with the 155th Belmont Stakes. Headlines. And with less than three weeks to go, a picture is emerging of how the field might shape up. It has been run at various distances and. The Belmont Stakes is currently contested at 1 ½ miles, or 12 furlongs, making it the longest of the Triple Crown races and typically the longest race that Thoroughbreds who compete in the series will ever run. Home of the Belmont Stakes, the final leg of the Triple Crown. Arcangelo came into the Belmont off a hard-fought victory in the Peter Pan Stakes. Mike Conti: I am going to have No. Arcangelo galloped across the finish line first to win the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes on Saturday evening. Updated 11/21/2023 . We the People 2-1. The horses entered in the Belmont Stakes include:Saturday's blockbuster Belmont Stakes Day card, highlighted by Arcangelo’s victory in the 155th running of the Grade 1, $1. Y. To stay updated and gain access to our ticket presale, be sure to join the newsletter! Please complete the fields below to submit your Belmont Stakes ticket inquiry. Start spreading the news. Forte, who is owned by Repole Stable and St. The draw for the 2022 Belmont Stakes field will take place on Tuesday morning. 50 PM ET and if you choose. It started in 2014 with Tonalist and was followed by Creator (2016), Tapwrit (2017) and Essential Quality (2021). 3 post position, was always close to the lead in the nine-horse field. Rich Strike stunned the Kentucky Derby on May 7 as an 80-1 long shot two weeks before Early Voting wired the Preakness Stakes. Best Belmont Stakes win bet No. The Belmont Stakes made its debut in 1905, and the 1 ½-mile race has been won by some of the greatest thoroughbreds in history, including Triple Crown winners Secretariat (1973) and American. " Nine horses bred outside the United States have won the Belmont Stakes, including thoroughbreds from England, Ireland and Canada. What 155th Belmont Stakes; Where Belmont Park in Elmont, N. The Belmont Stakes, first run in 1867, is the oldest of the Triple Crown events, and one of the oldest stakes races in North America. The Belmont Stakes, however, are named after August Belmont, a. This is a much smaller field than the Kentucky Derby, which usually runs 20 horses, but is about on par with the Preakness – which usually runs 8 horses. While the nine-horse…The now 22-year-old has sired four Belmont Stakes winners in eight years. Run as a Handicap Stakes in 1895 and in 1913. 2022 Belmont Stakes G1. The 11⁄2 -mile (2,410 m) race, known as the "test of the champion", is the final leg in the American Triple Crown, open to three-year-old Thoroughbreds. The Belmont Stakes is known as “The Test of the Champion” because it is the final leg of horse racing's Triple Crown, and also the longest of the three events at 1 1/2 miles (12 furlongs. Belmont Stakes History. Saturday's race marks the 50th anniversary of. The 1 1/2-mile race will be broadcast. Arcangelo finished first at the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes in New York, a historic triumph that marked the first time a female horse trainer won a race in the coveted Triple Crown. The $1. Elias Stable, was named the 5-2 top choice in the. First and foremost his sire is Tapit, which has sired four of the last nine. Il Miracolo, $15,000. Watch the full 152nd Belmont Stakes, which was the opening race in the Triple Crown for the first time ever! #NBCSports #HorseRacing #BelmontStakes» Subscrib. The final leg of the 2023 Triple Crown series drew a field of nine horses. Y. The Belmont Stakes are the longest leg of the Triple Crown at 12 furlongs, which equates to 1 1/2 miles — the Kentucky Derby is 1 1/4 miles and the Preakness Stakes is 1 3/16 miles. Mo Donegal (6), with jockey Irad Ortiz Jr. This year, the race will be held on June 10th. ET; The third leg of the Triple Crown is scheduled to go off at 7:02 p. After finishing a closing third, the Brad Cox-trained closer carries the high Beyer Speed Figure and TimeformUS figure out of the probables. Forte, last year's 2-year-old champion, will start in the No. The third and final jewel of the 2023 Triple Crown series concludes Saturday with the 155th Belmont Stakes. Ad Feedback. Abel Tasman surges to second straight G1 win in impressive Acorn performance. Exacta, trifecta and superfecta bets paid out more to a max of. Yes, he finished in the fifth in the. Check out the latest 2022 Belmont Stakes odds below, then visit SportsLine to see Demling's picks for the 2022 Belmont Stakes, all from the expert who nailed 10 Derby-Oaks doubles and three of the. Golden Glider: Golden Glider finished second in the Peter Pan Stakes, but finished 10-and-a-quarter. Essential Quality has won the 2021 Belmont Stakes, finishing off this year's Triple Crown races. You want to cover a lot of combinations, but each one should be bet to your level of conviction. m. The odds are updated daily and are available for. 7. 30, $3. 6:50 p. Y. Mage roars to a win in the 149th Kentucky Derby. The Belmont Stakes is the longest Triple Crown race at 1 1/2 miles, thus explaining its nickname the "Test of the Champion. Kathy Hochul introduced enhanced safety measures for the Belmont Stakes after the smoke from more than 400 Canadian wildfires led to an air quality health. 5 Creative Minister (6-1) Coming into Belmont off an impressive third-place finish at the Preakness Stakes, Creative Minister is an improving horse that seems to. Arcangelo, who broke from the No. it. Red Route, $15,000. 5 million Belmont Stakes presented by NYRA Bets is held on June 10, there will be ample reminders of the fact this year marks the 50th anniversary of Secretariat’s incomparable Triple Crown sweep that ended a 25-year drought. Bet on Belmont Stakes - free pps, race entries, results - Daily Racing Form In the 154 previous editions of the Belmont, 66, or 42. Here's a live odds file for the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes on FOX. 9. The claim stems from New York state legislators in May approving a $455 million loan to rebuild Belmont Park, the 118-year-old track. The Belmont Stakes is the. Jun 10, 2022. Five other storylines to watch: 1. Pletcher, who lives on Long Island, adds another Belmont title following wins with Rags to. Y – It's only fitting that history was made a half. Image. m. For the first time, Fox will broadcast all of Saturday’s races instead of its usual home on NBC. Attend the 2024 Belmont Stakes with Belmont Experiences! Packages will feature premium hospitality, unmatched track. — History was made at the Belmont Stakes on Saturday. Saratoga Race Course is the likely home of the next two Belmont Stakes. The Sporting News tracked live updates and results from the 2023 Belmont Stakes on Saturday. And that's for the hopeless long shot that was nowhere vs. Post time for. Nyra Menu. m. m. Y. Nyra Menu. The drink, which is available at any alcohol serving concession stand, is made up of 1. June 8, 2023, 11:54 AM. Belmont Stakes 2023: Crunching speed numbers for 12 horses. June 8, 2023. , horses will run 1 1/2 miles -- or 12 furlongs -- to compete for. CDT Saturday at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. The 155th Belmont Stakes will take place on June 10, 2023 at Belmont Park. A gray colt named Arcangelo won the Belmont Stakes, the third and final race of the Triple Crown series, on Saturday at Belmont Park in Elmont, N. , won. Fox will broadcast the race as well as pre-race. and goes until 4 p. m. The 153rd running of the Belmont Stakes, the third and final leg of the Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing, takes place on Saturday. Belmont Stakes. m. The Belmont Stakes has long proven to be the most challenging and often the most unpredictable of the Triple Crown races. His victory came by a record 31 lengths over the second-place finisher and in a record time of 2 minutes, 24 seconds to complete the 1 1/2-mile race and claim the Triple Crown. Essential Quality, trained by Brad Cox and ridden by jockey Luis Saez, won the 153rd running of the Belmont Stakes on Saturday at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. A blanket of roughly 700 white carnations is draped over the victor horse; therefore known as the “The Run for the. Skippylongstocking 20-1. 2023 Belmont Stakes Odds. The 11⁄2 -mile (2,400. Held in Belmont, N. Arcangelo came into the Belmont off a hard-fought victory in the Peter Pan Stakes. The most likely of those four is Tapit Trice, a disappointing seventh in the. Here are our staff’s picks for the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes on Saturday: Ed Barkowitz, sportswriter: 7-Hit Show, 2-Tapit Trice, 6-Forte, 8-Angel of Empire Kerith Gabriel, editor: 2. , with the race televised on FOX. The horse was a top contender coming into the race. To stay updated and gain access to our ticket presale, be sure to join the newsletter! Please complete the fields below to submit your Belmont Stakes ticket inquiry. One of the most tumultuous seasons in the recent history of the triple crown will come to an end on Saturday with the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes. Belmont Stakes post positions, morning line odds 2022. The field runs. He hasn’t been at Belmont Park since 2018, when Justify completed the Triple Crown by winning the Belmont Stakes. Kathy Hochul introduced enhanced safety measures for the Belmont Stakes after the smoke from more than 400 Canadian wildfires led to an air quality health. The 2023 Belmont Stakes was the 155th running of the Belmont Stakes and the 112th time the event took place at Belmont Park. Arcangelo wins Belmont Stakes in historic triumph for trainer. Who Nine 3-year-old horses; Purse $1.